without

なしで

すでに話に出た物や、何か分かっている物がない状態で。

やさしい英語で： With none of something you need or want, when that thing has already been mentioned or is understood.

• There was no coffee, so we went without.
• If you cannot afford a car, you must manage without.
• She wanted new shoes but learned to do without.

よく使う表現： go without, do without, manage without

なしで、抜きで

何かを持っていないことや、何かがないことを表す。

やさしい英語で： Used to show that someone does not have something or that something is absent.

• I drink tea without sugar.
• She left home without her phone.
• Can you open it without a key?

使い方： without + noun/pronoun (I cannot do this without your help.)

反対語： with

よく使う表現： without a coat, without sugar, without someone's help, without any doubt

せずに、ないで

ある行動をせずに、またはまだしていない状態で。

やさしい英語で： Used to show that an action does not happen or has not happened.

• He left without saying goodbye.
• I read the whole book without stopping.
• Can you carry it without dropping anything?

使い方： without + -ing (He entered without knocking.); without someone + -ing (She left without anyone noticing.)

よく使う表現： without saying anything, without asking someone, without looking back, without sharing something

外に、外で

建物や区域、境界の外に、または外で。

やさしい英語で： Outside a building, area, or boundary.

• The soldiers waited without the gates.
• A small village stood without the castle walls.
• They made their camp without the city.

類義語： outside, beyond

反対語： within

よく使う表現： without the walls, without the gates, without the city