without

sans, sans rien

Sans une chose déjà mentionnée ou comprise grâce au contexte.

En anglais simple : With none of something you need or want, when that thing has already been mentioned or is understood.

• There was no coffee, so we went without.
• If you cannot afford a car, you must manage without.
• She wanted new shoes but learned to do without.

Expressions courantes : go without, do without, manage without

sans

Indique que quelqu’un ne possède pas quelque chose ou qu’une chose est absente.

En anglais simple : Used to show that someone does not have something or that something is absent.

• I drink tea without sugar.
• She left home without her phone.
• Can you open it without a key?

Comment l'utiliser : without + noun/pronoun (I cannot do this without your help.)

Contraires : with

Expressions courantes : without a coat, without sugar, without someone's help, without any doubt

sans

Indique qu’une action n’a pas lieu ou n’a pas été faite.

En anglais simple : Used to show that an action does not happen or has not happened.

• He left without saying goodbye.
• I read the whole book without stopping.
• Can you carry it without dropping anything?

Comment l'utiliser : without + -ing (He entered without knocking.); without someone + -ing (She left without anyone noticing.)

Expressions courantes : without saying anything, without asking someone, without looking back, without sharing something

hors de, en dehors de

À l’extérieur d’un bâtiment, d’une zone ou d’une limite.

En anglais simple : Outside a building, area, or boundary.

• The soldiers waited without the gates.
• A small village stood without the castle walls.
• They made their camp without the city.

Synonymes : outside, beyond

Contraires : within

Expressions courantes : without the walls, without the gates, without the city