retrograde

後退する、退行的な

以前より悪い状態や、発達の遅れた状態に戻る。

やさしい英語で： Returning to a worse or less developed condition.

• Closing the library is a retrograde step.
• The new restrictions represent a retrograde development.
• Doctors warned against this retrograde change in patient care.

類義語： regressive, backward

反対語： progressive

よく使う表現： a retrograde step, retrograde development, a retrograde change

逆行する、逆向きの

後ろへ、または通常とは反対の方向へ動く。

やさしい英語で： Moving backwards or in the opposite direction to the usual movement.

• The diagram shows retrograde motion.
• This satellite follows a retrograde orbit.
• The valve prevents retrograde flow in the pipe.

類義語： backward, reverse

反対語： forward, prograde

よく使う表現： retrograde motion, retrograde orbit, retrograde flow

反動的な、保守的な

社会をよくする変化に反対し、古い考えや仕組みを守ろうとする。

やさしい英語で： Opposing changes intended to improve society and wanting to keep older beliefs or systems.

• He holds retrograde views about women.
• The campaign challenged retrograde attitudes towards marriage.
• Critics described the party's opposition to reform as retrograde.

類義語： reactionary, conservative, backward-looking

反対語： progressive, reformist

よく使う表現： retrograde ideas, retrograde attitudes, retrograde social views

逆順の

通常は最後に来るものを最初にして、反対の順に並べた。

やさしい英語で： Arranged in the opposite order, starting with what would usually come last.

• Read the letters in retrograde order.
• The second line presents the notes in retrograde sequence.
• This retrograde arrangement puts the final element first.

類義語： reverse, reversed, inverse

よく使う表現： retrograde order, retrograde sequence, retrograde arrangement

逆行

惑星が空で通常とは逆の方向に動いているように見える現象。

やさしい英語で： A planet's apparent movement across the sky in the opposite direction to its usual movement.

• Mercury is in retrograde this month.
• The chart shows the beginning of Mars's retrograde.
• A retrograde occurs because Earth and the other planet move at different speeds.

使い方： in retrograde (Mars appears to move backwards when it is in retrograde.)

類義語： retrograde motion

よく使う表現： mercury in retrograde, during the retrograde, a planetary retrograde

逆行、後退

後ろへ、または通常や予定とは反対の方向へ進む動き。

やさしい英語で： A movement backwards or in the opposite direction to what is usual or intended.

• The machine made a sudden retrograde.
• A slight retrograde moved the pointer away from its target.
• The diagram marks each advance and retrograde with an arrow.

類義語： backward movement, reversal

反対語： advance

よく使う表現： a sudden retrograde, a slow retrograde

反動主義者、保守主義者

社会の変化に反対し、古い考えや仕組みを守ろうとする人。

やさしい英語で： Someone who opposes social change and wants to keep older beliefs or systems.

• They called him a retrograde.
• The reformers dismissed their opponent as a political retrograde.
• Even the retrogrades eventually accepted the new voting rules.

類義語： reactionary, conservative

反対語： reformer, progressive

よく使う表現： a political retrograde, an ageing retrograde

逆行形

音を最後から最初へと逆の順番で演奏する形にした旋律。

やさしい英語で： A version of a tune with its notes played in reverse order, from last to first.

• The pianist played the retrograde.
• Write a retrograde of this short melody.
• The composer combined the original theme with its retrograde.

使い方： retrograde of something (The second theme is a retrograde of the first.)

よく使う表現： a melodic retrograde, retrograde of something, theme and retrograde