retrograde

régressif, rétrograde

Qui ramène à un état moins bon ou moins développé.

En anglais simple : Returning to a worse or less developed condition.

• Closing the library is a retrograde step.
• The new restrictions represent a retrograde development.
• Doctors warned against this retrograde change in patient care.

Synonymes : regressive, backward

Contraires : progressive

Expressions courantes : a retrograde step, retrograde development, a retrograde change

rétrograde

Qui se déplace en arrière ou dans le sens opposé au mouvement habituel.

En anglais simple : Moving backwards or in the opposite direction to the usual movement.

• The diagram shows retrograde motion.
• This satellite follows a retrograde orbit.
• The valve prevents retrograde flow in the pipe.

Synonymes : backward, reverse

Contraires : forward, prograde

Expressions courantes : retrograde motion, retrograde orbit, retrograde flow

rétrograde, réactionnaire

Qui refuse les changements visant à améliorer la société et souhaite conserver les croyances ou les systèmes anciens.

En anglais simple : Opposing changes intended to improve society and wanting to keep older beliefs or systems.

• He holds retrograde views about women.
• The campaign challenged retrograde attitudes towards marriage.
• Critics described the party's opposition to reform as retrograde.

Synonymes : reactionary, conservative, backward-looking

Contraires : progressive, reformist

Expressions courantes : retrograde ideas, retrograde attitudes, retrograde social views

inverse, rétrograde

Disposé dans l’ordre opposé, en commençant par ce qui vient normalement à la fin.

En anglais simple : Arranged in the opposite order, starting with what would usually come last.

• Read the letters in retrograde order.
• The second line presents the notes in retrograde sequence.
• This retrograde arrangement puts the final element first.

Synonymes : reverse, reversed, inverse

Expressions courantes : retrograde order, retrograde sequence, retrograde arrangement

rétrogradation, mouvement rétrograde

Mouvement apparent d’une planète dans le ciel dans le sens opposé à son déplacement habituel.

En anglais simple : A planet's apparent movement across the sky in the opposite direction to its usual movement.

• Mercury is in retrograde this month.
• The chart shows the beginning of Mars's retrograde.
• A retrograde occurs because Earth and the other planet move at different speeds.

Comment l'utiliser : in retrograde (Mars appears to move backwards when it is in retrograde.)

Synonymes : retrograde motion

Expressions courantes : mercury in retrograde, during the retrograde, a planetary retrograde

recul, mouvement rétrograde

Mouvement vers l’arrière ou dans le sens opposé au sens habituel ou prévu.

En anglais simple : A movement backwards or in the opposite direction to what is usual or intended.

• The machine made a sudden retrograde.
• A slight retrograde moved the pointer away from its target.
• The diagram marks each advance and retrograde with an arrow.

Synonymes : backward movement, reversal

Contraires : advance

Expressions courantes : a sudden retrograde, a slow retrograde

réactionnaire, rétrograde

Personne qui s’oppose aux changements sociaux et veut conserver les croyances ou les systèmes anciens.

En anglais simple : Someone who opposes social change and wants to keep older beliefs or systems.

• They called him a retrograde.
• The reformers dismissed their opponent as a political retrograde.
• Even the retrogrades eventually accepted the new voting rules.

Synonymes : reactionary, conservative

Contraires : reformer, progressive

Expressions courantes : a political retrograde, an ageing retrograde

rétrograde, rétrogradation

Version d’une mélodie dont les notes sont jouées dans l’ordre inverse, de la dernière à la première.

En anglais simple : A version of a tune with its notes played in reverse order, from last to first.

• The pianist played the retrograde.
• Write a retrograde of this short melody.
• The composer combined the original theme with its retrograde.

Comment l'utiliser : retrograde of something (The second theme is a retrograde of the first.)

Expressions courantes : a melodic retrograde, retrograde of something, theme and retrograde