bureaucracy

bureaucratie, paperasserie

Trop de règles et de démarches administratives qui compliquent les choses.

En anglais simple : Too many official rules and steps that make getting things done difficult.

• We faced endless bureaucracy when opening the shop.
• The new system should reduce bureaucracy.
• Why does a simple permit involve so much bureaucracy?

Synonymes : red tape

Expressions courantes : unnecessary bureaucracy, cut bureaucracy

bureaucratie

Système qui répartit le travail entre services, avec des tâches définies et plusieurs niveaux d’autorité.

En anglais simple : A system of managing work through departments, clear job duties, and different levels of authority.

• A modern bureaucracy assigns clear duties to each department.
• The company developed a bureaucracy as it grew.
• Written procedures are a central part of this bureaucracy.

Expressions courantes : administrative bureaucracy, modern bureaucracy

bureaucratie

Façon de gouverner où les fonctionnaires prennent la plupart des décisions importantes.

En anglais simple : A way of governing in which officials make most important decisions.

• The country was governed through a powerful bureaucracy.
• Under bureaucracy, officials make decisions that elected leaders might otherwise make.
• The essay compares bureaucracy with rule by a single leader.

Expressions courantes : state bureaucracy, rule by bureaucracy