spine

背骨、脊柱

背中の中央を縦に通る、つながった骨の列。

やさしい英語で： The line of connected bones down the middle of your back.

• Keep your spine straight.
• The fall damaged his spine.
• The doctor checked her spine for signs of injury.

類義語： backbone, spinal column

よく使う表現： injured spine, curved spine, base of spine

とげ、針

動物や植物に生えている、硬くとがった突起。

やさしい英語で： A stiff, sharp point growing on an animal or plant.

• A spine pricked my finger.
• The hedgehog raised its spines.
• Some fish have poisonous spines on their backs.

類義語： prickle, thorn

よく使う表現： cactus spine, sharp spine, poisonous spine

背、背表紙

本のページをまとめて留めてある、細い背の部分。

やさしい英語で： The narrow back edge of a book where its pages are held together.

• The title is on the spine.
• The old book had a cracked spine.
• She repaired the spines of several damaged books.

使い方： spine of something (The title is printed on the spine of the book.)

類義語： back

よく使う表現： book spine, cracked spine, spine of something

勇気、気骨

自分の立場を守ったり、難しいことに挑んだりする勇気。

やさしい英語で： The courage to stand up for yourself or do something difficult.

• Show some spine!
• He lacked the spine to challenge his boss.
• She finally showed some spine and refused to work unpaid.

類義語： courage, backbone, nerve

反対語： cowardice

よく使う表現： have some spine, show some spine, lack spine