scale

規模

物事の大きさや量。特に、広がりや深刻さの程度。

やさしい英語で： The size or amount of something, especially how large or serious it is.

• The scale of the problem surprised us.
• They built houses on a large scale.
• We had never organized an event on this scale.

使い方： the scale of something (We did not understand the scale of the damage.); on a large/small scale (They produce cheese on a small scale.)

類義語： size, extent, scope

よく使う表現： large scale, scale of something, on this scale

はかり、体重計

人や物の重さを測って示す道具。

やさしい英語で： A device that shows how heavy a person or thing is.

• Put the flour on the scale.
• The bathroom scale showed that I had lost weight.
• These kitchen scales are easy to use.

類義語： weighing machine, balance

よく使う表現： bathroom scale, kitchen scale, digital scale

尺度、目盛り

物事を測ったり比べたりするための数値や段階の並び。

やさしい英語で： A series of numbers or levels used to measure or compare something.

• Rate the service on a scale of one to five.
• The thermometer uses the Celsius scale.
• Her answers were at the top of the rating scale.

使い方： on a scale of/from… (Rate the pain on a scale of one to ten.)

よく使う表現： on a scale, rating scale, temperature scale

音階

低い音から高い音へ、またはその逆に並べた一連の音。

やさしい英語で： A set of musical notes arranged from low to high or high to low.

• Play a scale on the piano.
• She practises her scales every morning.
• This song uses notes from the minor scale.

よく使う表現： major scale, minor scale, play a scale

うろこ

魚などの皮膚を覆う、小さく硬く平たい一枚一枚の部分。

やさしい英語で： One of the small, hard, flat pieces covering the skin of fish and some other animals.

• A silver scale fell from the fish.
• The snake has smooth scales.
• These scales protect the animal’s skin.

よく使う表現： fish scale, snake scale, covered in scales

拡大縮小する

各部分の比率を保ったまま、大きくしたり小さくしたりする。

やさしい英語で： To make something larger or smaller while keeping its parts in the same proportions.

• You can scale the image to fit.
• The company scaled up production last year.
• We need to scale down our plans.

使い方： scale something up/down (We scaled up production to meet demand.); scale something to something (Scale the image to half its original size.)

類義語： resize

よく使う表現： scale up, scale down, scale an image

よじ登る、登る

高い壁や山など、急な面を頂上まで登る。

やさしい英語で： To climb to the top of a high wall, mountain, or other steep surface.

• They scaled the garden wall.
• She hopes to scale the mountain next summer.
• The climbers scaled the cliff without ropes.

類義語： climb, ascend

よく使う表現： scale a wall, scale a mountain, scale a cliff

皮がむける

特に皮膚の表面に小さな乾いた薄片ができ、はがれる。

やさしい英語で： To develop small, dry pieces on the surface, especially on skin.

• Dry skin can scale.
• The skin on his hands started to scale.
• Her scalp was scaling after the treatment.

類義語： flake

よく使う表現： skin may scale, begin to scale