law

法律、法令

国や組織で人々が守らなければならない正式な決まり。

やさしい英語で： An official rule that people in a country or organization must obey.

• You must obey the law.
• The government passed a new law.
• These laws protect workers from unfair treatment.

使い方： law against something (There is a law against selling alcohol to children.); law on something (The law on smoking changed last year.)

類義語： rule, legislation, statute

よく使う表現： break the law, obey the law, a new law, criminal law

法学

法律と、裁判所が法律をどう適用するかを学ぶ分野。

やさしい英語で： The study of official rules and how courts use them.

• She wants to study law.
• He has a degree in law.
• Our law professor worked as a judge.

類義語： legal studies, jurisprudence

よく使う表現： study law, law school, a law degree

法則、原理

ある状況でいつも起こることを説明する原理。

やさしい英語で： A principle that describes what always happens in a particular situation.

• They saw this as a universal law.
• The law of supply and demand explains the price rise.
• He claimed to have discovered a basic law of human behavior.

使い方： law of something (The law of supply and demand affects prices.)

類義語： principle, rule

よく使う表現： a universal law, a law of nature, an economic law

法則

特定の条件で自然界の物事がどう振る舞うかを示す科学的な決まり。

やさしい英語で： A scientific statement describing how things in nature behave under particular conditions.

• We studied the laws of motion.
• This experiment demonstrates a basic physical law.
• The engineer used a law of thermodynamics to calculate the energy loss.

使い方： law of something (The law of gravity explains why objects fall.)

類義語： scientific principle

よく使う表現： law of gravity, a physical law, a scientific law

警察

特に犯罪者を捕まえようとしている警察を指す。

やさしい英語で： The police, especially when they are trying to catch someone who has committed a crime.

• The law finally caught him.
• She hid before the law arrived.
• The robbers thought they could escape the law.

類義語： police

よく使う表現： the law arrives, escape the law, the law catches

規範、掟

国が定めたかどうかに関係なく、人の行動を律する決まり。

やさしい英語で： A rule about how people should behave, whether or not a government has made it official.

• Kindness was the first law of their community.
• Respecting guests is an unwritten law here.
• Their religious laws forbid certain foods.

類義語： rule, principle, code

よく使う表現： moral law, an unwritten law, religious law