deficit

赤字

支出が収入を上回っている分の金額。

やさしい英語で： The amount by which spending is greater than money received.

• The government has a large deficit.
• Higher taxes helped reduce the budget deficit.
• The club ran a deficit last year.

類義語： shortfall

反対語： surplus

よく使う表現： budget deficit, run a deficit, reduce the deficit

不足、欠乏

必要なものが足りないこと、または足りない量。

やさしい英語で： A lack of something that is needed, or the amount missing.

• He has a serious sleep deficit.
• The drought caused a water deficit.
• Training can address the deficit in their skills.

使い方： a deficit in something (The report identified a deficit in basic skills.); a deficit of something (There is a deficit of trained staff.)

類義語： shortage, lack, shortfall

反対語： surplus

よく使う表現： sleep deficit, deficit in something, water deficit