contingency

不測の事態、偶発事象

起こるかもしれない事態、特に備えが必要な問題や出費。

やさしい英語で： Something that might happen, especially a problem or expense you need to prepare for.

• We need a contingency plan.
• Keep some money aside for unexpected contingencies.
• The team tried to prepare for every contingency.

使い方： allow for a contingency (The budget allows for contingencies such as equipment repairs.)

類義語： possibility, eventuality

よく使う表現： contingency plan, contingency fund, every contingency

偶然性

必ずそうなるのではなく、偶然や変わりうる条件に左右されること。

やさしい英語で： The fact that something depends on chance or on conditions that could be different.

• Their account emphasizes the contingency of historical events.
• The philosopher contrasted contingency with necessity.
• Contingency means that a different outcome was possible.

類義語： possibility, unpredictability, option, choice

反対語： necessity

よく使う表現： historical contingency, contingency of something

違約金

契約で決めた義務を果たさなかった側が、相手に支払う金。

やさしい英語で： Money one side must pay the other if it fails to do what a contract requires.

• The supplier had to pay a contingency.
• The contract sets the contingency at ten thousand euros.
• Failure to finish the project triggered a contingency payment.

類義語： contractual penalty

よく使う表現： pay a contingency, contractual contingency, contingency payment

偶然命題

常に正しいとも常に誤りともいえず、正しくも誤りにもなりうる文。

やさしい英語で： A statement that can be true or false, rather than always true or always false.

• This statement is a contingency.
• A contingency has both true and false entries in its truth table.
• Students must distinguish a contingency from a contradiction.

類義語： contingent proposition

よく使う表現： logical contingency, contingency in logic