substrate

基質、基材

何かが育ったり付着したりする、表面や材料。

やさしい英語で： A surface or material that something grows on or sticks to.

• The fungus grows on a wooden substrate.
• Clean the substrate before applying the coating.
• These plants need a suitable substrate for growth.

類義語： base, support

よく使う表現： grow on substrate, coated substrate, substrate surface

基質

酵素の働きや化学反応によって変化する物質。

やさしい英語で： A substance that an enzyme or chemical reaction changes.

• The enzyme breaks down its substrate.
• Higher substrate concentrations can change the reaction speed.
• Which substrate does this enzyme act on?

よく使う表現： enzyme substrate, substrate concentration, substrate molecule

底床、床材

動物を飼う水槽や囲いの底に敷く、砂や土などの材料。

やさしい英語で： Sand, soil, or other material covering the bottom of an animal tank or enclosure.

• Spread the substrate across the tank floor.
• We replaced the dirty substrate in the terrarium.
• Which substrate is best for this snake?

類義語： bedding, bottom material

よく使う表現： aquarium substrate, sand substrate, substrate layer

基層言語

ある社会で別の言語に置き換わっても、新しい言語に影響を残す古い言語。

やさしい英語で： An older language that affects the language which replaces it in a community.

• The earlier language left a substrate in local speech.
• Researchers found signs of a Celtic substrate.
• The substrate may explain these unusual sounds.

類義語： substratum

よく使う表現： linguistic substrate, celtic substrate, substrate influence