rigorous

厳密な、厳格な、徹底した

規則を守ることや細部の確認に、非常に注意深く厳しい。

やさしい英語で： Very careful, exact, and strict about following rules or checking every detail.

• The tests were rigorous.
• Every applicant faces a rigorous selection process.
• Her research methods are more rigorous than ours.

類義語： thorough, strict, meticulous

反対語： lax, sloppy

よく使う表現： rigorous testing, rigorous standards, rigorous analysis, rigorous proof

過酷な、骨の折れる

非常に厳しくつらく、多くの努力を必要とする。

やさしい英語で： Very difficult and demanding, often causing discomfort or requiring great effort.

• The climb was rigorous.
• They completed a rigorous course of physical training.
• A rigorous journey through deep snow left us exhausted.

類義語： arduous, demanding, strenuous

反対語： easy

よく使う表現： rigorous exercise, rigorous journey, rigorous physical training

厳しい、激しい

非常に厳しい、または激しい。特に寒さについていう。

やさしい英語で： Very severe or intense, especially when describing cold weather.

• A rigorous winter followed.
• The rigorous cold damaged many young trees.
• Few crops survived in that rigorous climate.

類義語： severe, harsh, intense

反対語： mild

よく使う表現： rigorous winter, rigorous climate, rigorous cold