penalty

刑罰、罰

犯罪を行った人に、法律に基づいて科される罰。

やさしい英語で： A punishment ordered by law for committing a crime.

• The penalty is a fine.
• The court imposed a severe penalty.
• What is the maximum penalty for theft?

使い方： penalty for something (The penalty for this crime can be five years in prison.)

類義語： punishment, sentence

よく使う表現： death penalty, maximum penalty, face a penalty

ペナルティー、罰則

規則を破ったり、義務を果たさなかったりしたために受ける罰。

やさしい英語で： A punishment for breaking a rule or failing to do something required.

• Late work carries a penalty.
• They received a penalty for breaking the rules.
• The teacher deducted five points as a penalty.

使い方： penalty for doing something (There is a penalty for submitting work late.)

類義語： punishment, sanction

よく使う表現： late penalty, impose a penalty, penalty points

ペナルティー、反則罰

競技の規則違反に対する罰。選手が一時的に試合を離れることもある。

やさしい英語で： A punishment for breaking game rules, sometimes requiring a player to leave the game for a short time.

• The referee called a penalty.
• He served a two-minute penalty for holding.
• The team received three penalties in the first period.

使い方： penalty for something (The player received a penalty for tripping an opponent.)

類義語： punishment, sanction

よく使う表現： penalty box, two-minute penalty, receive a penalty

違約金

口座や投資から予定より早くお金を引き出したために払う、または失う金額。

やさしい英語で： Money you lose or must pay for taking money out of an account or investment too early.

• Early withdrawals carry a penalty.
• The bank charged a penalty on my savings account.
• Can I take out the money without a penalty?

使い方： penalty for doing something (You pay a penalty for withdrawing the money early.)

類義語： charge, fee

よく使う表現： withdrawal penalty, early withdrawal penalty, pay a penalty