lump

しこり、腫れ

皮膚の下や体内にできた、盛り上がった部分や腫れ。

やさしい英語で： A raised or swollen area under the skin or inside the body.

• She found a lump under her skin.
• The doctor examined the lump on his arm.
• Have you noticed any new lumps?

使い方： a lump in/on something (He noticed a lump on his neck.)

類義語： swelling, bump, nodule

よく使う表現： painful lump, lump under something, lump in something

だま、塊

普通は滑らかで柔らかいものの中にある、小さく硬い塊。

やさしい英語で： A small hard piece in something that is normally smooth or soft.

• There is a lump in the sauce.
• Break up the lumps before adding milk.
• She stirred the soup until every lump disappeared.

使い方： a lump in something (I found a hard lump in the mixture.)

類義語： clump, chunk

よく使う表現： hard lump, lump of sugar, lump in something

塊

はっきりした形や整った形のない物のひとかたまり。

やさしい英語で： A piece or pile of something without a clear or regular shape.

• He picked up a lump of clay.
• Add two small lumps of butter.
• The melted plastic formed a solid lump.

使い方： a lump of something (She shaped a lump of clay into a bowl.)

類義語： chunk, clump, mass, blob

よく使う表現： lump of clay, lump of coal, large lump

痛い目、非難、殴打

殴られたり非難されたりして受ける苦痛。普通は複数形で使う。

やさしい英語で： A painful experience of being hit, criticized, or treated badly, usually spoken of in the plural.

• He took his lumps and moved on.
• The coach has taken plenty of lumps this season.
• We must take our lumps when our plans fail.

使い方： take your lumps (The team took its lumps after a poor performance.)

類義語： punishment, beating, abuse

よく使う表現： take a lump, take another lump

怠け者、うすのろ

怠けていたり、動作や頭の働きが鈍かったりする人。

やさしい英語で： A person who is lazy, slow, or not very clever.

• Get up, you lazy lump!
• He sat like a lump while everyone worked.
• Don’t be such a lump; help me carry this.

類義語： layabout, loafer, oaf

よく使う表現： lazy lump, great lump, useless lump

一括りにする、まとめる

人や物の違いを考えず、同じ集まりとして扱うこと。

やさしい英語で： To put different people or things in one group without considering their differences.

• Don’t lump us all together.
• The report lumped several different problems into one category.
• Why do people lump these two writers together?

使い方： lump someone/something together (Don’t lump all teenagers together.); lump someone/something in with someone/something (They lumped my travel costs in with other expenses.)

類義語： group, bundle, classify together

反対語： separate, distinguish

よく使う表現： lump something together, lump someone in, lump something with something