impairment

障害

見る、聞く、動くなどの日常的な活動を難しくする状態。

やさしい英語で： A condition that makes seeing, hearing, moving, or another everyday activity difficult.

• She has a hearing impairment.
• The school supports children with visual impairments.
• His mobility impairment makes stairs difficult.

類義語： disability

よく使う表現： visual impairment, hearing impairment, sensory impairment

機能障害

何かが通常ほどうまく働かなくなっている状態。

やさしい英語で： A state in which something cannot work as well as it normally does.

• The injury left him with some impairment.
• Alcohol can cause impairment of judgment.
• The assessment found no lasting impairment of memory.

使い方： impairment of something (The medicine can cause impairment of alertness.)

類義語： damage, dysfunction

よく使う表現： functional impairment, impairment of something

低下、悪化

何かが弱くなったり、働きが悪くなったりする過程。

やさしい英語で： A process in which something becomes weaker or works less well.

• The disease causes gradual impairment of lung function.
• They measured the impairment of performance after prolonged stress.
• Early treatment may prevent further impairment.

使い方： impairment of something (Noise can lead to impairment of hearing over time.)

類義語： deterioration, weakening

反対語： improvement

よく使う表現： gradual impairment, impairment of something

機能障害

体や心の通常の働きが失われ、日常の活動が難しくなること。

やさしい英語で： Loss of a usual body or mental function, which may make everyday activities harder.

• The assessment recorded an impairment of hand function.
• A physical impairment does not always prevent someone from working.
• The report distinguishes impairment from difficulties in daily activities.

使い方： impairment of something (The injury caused impairment of muscle function.)

類義語： functional loss, deficiency

よく使う表現： physical impairment, cognitive impairment, functional impairment