hold back

せき止める、抑える、妨げる

人や物が前に進んだり、進歩したりするのを妨げる。

やさしい英語で： To stop someone or something from moving forward or making progress.

• The wall holds back the water.
• Police held the crowd back.
• Poor transport links are holding back the town’s development.

使い方： hold someone/something back (A lack of money held the project back.); hold someone back from doing something (Fear held him back from applying for the job.)

類義語： restrain, stop, hinder

反対語： release

よく使う表現： hold back water, hold someone back

自制する、手加減する

力を出し切らないようにしたり、感情をすべて表さないようにしたりする。

やさしい英語で： To avoid using all your strength or expressing everything you feel.

• Do not hold back.
• He held back during the practice fight.
• Why are you holding back when we need your best effort?

使い方： hold back from doing something (She held back from telling him what she really thought.)

類義語： restrain yourself

よく使う表現： hold back slightly, hold back from something

せき止める、抑える

何かをその場にとどめ、先へ進まないようにする。

やさしい英語で： To keep something in place and prevent it from moving forward.

• The dam holds back water.
• A low wall held back the soil.
• Can this gate hold back the rising river?

使い方： hold back something (The barrier holds back the floodwater.)

類義語： restrain, contain, stop

反対語： release

よく使う表現： hold back water, hold something back

伏せる、言わずにおく、自制する

言動を控える。特に情報を秘密にして話さない。

やさしい英語で： To stop yourself from saying or doing something, especially to keep information secret.

• Do not hold back the truth.
• He held back his worries for months.
• Is she holding back information about the accident?

使い方： hold back something (She held back some important details.); hold back from doing something (I held back from mentioning his mistake.)

類義語： withhold, keep to yourself

反対語： reveal

よく使う表現： hold back information, hold something back

留年させる

生徒を進級させず、同じ学年をもう一年学ばせる。

やさしい英語で： To make a student repeat a school year instead of moving to the next class.

• The school held him back.
• She was held back because she missed many lessons.
• Will they hold your son back a year?

使い方： hold someone back a year (The school held him back a year.); be held back in a grade (She was held back in second grade.)

類義語： keep back

反対語： promote

よく使う表現： hold someone back, hold back students