generalization

一般化、帰納

具体的な事実や例から、より広く当てはまる規則を導くこと。

やさしい英語で： Using particular facts or examples to work out a rule that applies more widely.

• Generalization from a few facts can be risky.
• Scientists use generalization to develop rules from repeated observations.
• Her reasoning involved generalization from individual cases.

使い方： generalization from something to something (Generalization from these observations to a universal rule requires care.)

類義語： induction, inductive reasoning

反対語： deduction

よく使う表現： inductive generalization, generalization from evidence, process of generalization

一般化、概念化

いくつかの具体的な物事に共通する特徴から、広い概念を作ること。

やさしい英語で： Forming a broad idea by finding features shared by several particular things.

• Generalization helps us group similar things.
• Through generalization, children learn that very different chairs belong to one category.
• The lesson encourages generalization from several examples.

使い方： generalization from something (Generalization from familiar objects helps children form new categories.)

類義語： abstraction

よく使う表現： conceptual generalization, process of generalization, generalization from examples

一般化

元の規則や問題の全事例に加え、さらに多くの場合を扱うもの。

やさしい英語で： A mathematical rule, idea, or problem that covers all cases of an earlier one and additional cases.

• The new theorem is a generalization of the old one.
• We need a generalization that works in four dimensions.
• Several generalizations of this formula appear in the textbook.

使い方： a generalization of something (This formula is a generalization of the earlier equation.)

類義語： extension

反対語： specialization

よく使う表現： generalization of something, natural generalization, mathematical generalization