differentiation

区別、差別化

物事が互いにどう違うかを見分けたり、示したりすること。

やさしい英語で： The act of recognizing or showing how things are different from one another.

• The labels allow easy differentiation between products.
• Price differentiation helps customers choose the right service.
• The report makes no differentiation between these two groups.

使い方： differentiation between A and B (There is clear differentiation between the two product ranges.); differentiation of A from B (Differentiation of this species from related species requires careful observation.)

類義語： distinction

よく使う表現： product differentiation, clear differentiation, differentiation between things

分化

特に細胞や生物の集団が、違いや特有の性質を持つようになること。

やさしい英語で： The process of becoming different or developing special features, especially in cells or groups of living things.

• Cell differentiation begins early in development.
• These genes control differentiation into muscle cells.
• The study examines the differentiation of species over time.

類義語： specialization

よく使う表現： cell differentiation, cellular differentiation, species differentiation

個別対応、異なる扱い

人や状況の必要や特徴に応じて、異なる扱いをすること。

やさしい英語で： Treating people or situations differently according to their needs or features.

• Differentiation helps teachers meet different learning needs.
• The lesson plan includes differentiation by ability.
• There should be no differentiation in treatment based on gender.

使い方： differentiation according to something (The school uses differentiation according to pupils’ learning needs.)

類義語： differential treatment

よく使う表現： curricular differentiation, differentiation by ability, differentiation in teaching

微分

関数がどのくらいの速さで変化するかを求める数学の計算。

やさしい英語で： A mathematical process for finding how quickly a function changes.

• Differentiation gives us the slope of this curve.
• We used differentiation to calculate the rate of change.
• Have you learned the basic rules of differentiation?

よく使う表現： differentiation of functions, partial differentiation, differentiation rule