differential

差、格差

比較できる量や値、性質の違い。

やさしい英語で： A difference between comparable amounts, values, or qualities.

• The pay differential is small.
• A price differential exists between the two markets.
• The interest rate differential widened last month.

使い方： differential between A and B (The pay differential between the two jobs is small.); differential in something (There is a large differential in wages.)

類義語： difference, gap

よく使う表現： pay differential, price differential, interest rate differential

差動装置、ディファレンシャル

特に曲がるとき、車輪が異なる速さで回れるようにする装置。

やさしい英語で： A vehicle part that lets its wheels turn at different speeds, especially when going around corners.

• The mechanic checked the differential.
• A faulty differential made the car difficult to turn.
• The truck needs new oil in its rear differential.

よく使う表現： rear differential, differential gear, differential oil

微分

ある量のごく小さな変化を表す数学上の量。

やさしい英語で： A mathematical quantity representing a very small change in another quantity.

• The differential is written as dx.
• Find the total differential of this function.
• We used differentials to estimate a small change in volume.

使い方： differential of something (We calculated the differential of the function.)

よく使う表現： differential of something, total differential, exact differential

差のある、異なる

場合によって効果や適用のされ方が異なる。

やさしい英語で： Having different effects or applying differently in different cases.

• The policy had differential effects on families.
• Workers complained about differential treatment.
• The study compared the differential impact of two drugs.

類義語： unequal, varying

反対語： uniform

よく使う表現： differential impact, differential treatment, differential rates

差に関する、鑑別の

物事の違いに関係する、またはその違いを示すための。

やさしい英語で： Connected with a difference between things or used to show that difference.

• The instrument measures differential pressure.
• These differential characteristics help identify the two species.
• A differential diagnosis considers several possible causes of the symptoms.

よく使う表現： differential pressure, differential diagnosis, differential characteristics

微分の

量がどのように変化するかを調べる数学に関する。

やさしい英語で： Connected with the mathematical study of how quantities change.

• We studied differential calculus today.
• She solved a differential equation.
• Differential methods describe how the population changes over time.

よく使う表現： differential calculus, differential equation, differential operator